Some Christians cringe when they hear the word “evolution,” and not without reason: considering evolution as God’s means of creating the life we see around us suggests that we need to revisit some familiar biblical passages and brings up some tough theological questions. Meanwhile, militant atheists repeatedly invoke evolution in the media, trying to discredit Scripture and the Christian faith. So why focus on such a controversial topic? We at BioLogos understand that these issues can be difficult, but we believe the church is called to consider evolutionary creation. For us, this conversation is not just about abstract ideas and academic debates, but about God’s ongoing creation, the faith of individual believers, and the mission of the church.¹ Here are several points to consider about evolution in light of Christian faith.

Considering evolution helps us understand God's creation

See “Can science and scripture be reconciled?”

As Christians, we believe that “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth” (Genesis 1:1), and that the Bible teaches that God reveals himself to us in the natural world he created (“The heavens declare the glory of God”, Psalm 19:1). In the study of God’s creation, scientists have discovered tremendous wonders that reach far beyond what the Bible describes—things like quarks, neurons, and galaxies. Scientists have also discovered abundant evidence of the long history of the universe and of life (including people), which you can read elsewhere on this site. It is crucial that Christians consider this evidence because it comes from God’s own handiwork in the natural world. Since we believe that nature declares God’s glory, we cannot stop listening to the created order when it declares something that seems new to us.

See the category of questions on God’s action in the natural world

At BioLogos, we view evolutionary creation as a description of how and when God brought about all the creatures on earth. We do not see God as distant from this process, for God did not just set up the universe at the beginning and let it go. Instead, he upholds the universe moment by moment, sustaining all things by the power of his word. The regular patterns in nature that we call natural laws have their foundation in the regular, faithful governance of God (see Jeremiah 33:19-26). Thus we believe that God created every species and did it in such a way that we can describe the creation process scientifically. The scientific model of evolution does not replace God as creator any more than the law of gravity replaces God as ruler of the planets.

Considering evolution helps us understand the Creator God

A short video of beautiful places on earth that declare “Our God is an Awesome God”

The created order—nature—also teaches us about the Creator. The heavens declare the glory of God (Psalm 19:1) and show his eternal power and divine nature (Romans 1:20). The Bible is our primary source of knowledge about God, and God’s character cannot be derived by looking at nature alone. But for those who know and trust God as their savior, the created order has the stamp of the Creator all over it.² The starry heavens show God’s glory (Psalm 19), the thunderstorm displays God’s power (Psalm 29), and ecosystems show God’s care for plants and animals (Psalm 104:10-18). Today we know much more about God’s creation than the Biblical authors knew; telescopes and microscopes have expanded our horizons to the very large and the very small. Through science, we’ve learned how things work and fit together, too. Joining study and worship, we can think God’s thoughts after him, tracing his hand through the physical laws he used to create our world, marveling at the way he provides for creation as much as at the endless forms most beautiful he has created.³

Here are three examples of biblical attributes of God emphasized by studying evolutionary science:

• God is extravagant. God did not create just one type of flower, but uses the system of evolution to create a huge variety of flowers, of every size, shape, color, and scent. As opposed to being “wasteful,” a biblical view of evolution helps us appreciate it as a pointer to the extravagance of God’s loving gift of life to the whole earth. God’s creation does not reflect a cold efficiency, but the transformation of such “waste” into worship, just as Jesus honored the woman who poured expensive perfume on his feet⁴ (Mark 14:3-9, John 12:3-8).
• God is patient, and most often works gradually rather than instantaneously. In the natural world, we see God creating life over billions of years, not instantly, and grand geological processes playing out slowly over time, as well. Similarly, in the Bible we read of the centuries that passed between God’s covenant with Abraham and his covenant with David and the centuries more before Jesus appeared “in the fullness of time” (Galatians 4:4). In individual lives, God often works by planting his Word deep in us and letting it grow slowly over time. God seems pleased with the slow but extraordinary unfolding of his universe, just as he is patiently unfolding his plan of redemption.⁵
• God is the provider. He provides for his creatures in each moment, giving them what they need to survive, adapt and thrive in communities of life. The Bible speaks of God feeding and caring for animals (Jonah 4:11, Psalm 104), and modern evolutionary science is shedding light on how God has arranged complex ecosystems that support many different kinds of creatures together. But God provides for his creatures even at the genetic level, giving species a measure of biological “creativity” to help them respond to new challenges. As biologist Richard Colling says, “Evolution is not about the imposition of death and destruction and survival of the fittest. Those things are a part of it, but not the main core of what evolution is. . . [The] evolutionary process of creating duplicate genes that give rise to new possibilities [is] redemption, it’s possibility, and it’s hope.”⁶

Considering evolution helps the Church confront atheist worldviews

Considering evolution provides an opportunity to challenge atheistic arguments, rather than supporting them. Evolution is not rightly a philosophy or worldview: it is a scientific model that describes the patterns and rules we see in God’s creation of life—much as gravity describes the interaction he has ordained or planets and stars, or as quantum mechanics describes the relationships between elementary particles of matter. By reasserting that evolution is a description of God’s processes and not a worldview in and of itself, Christians can help show atheism to be secular philosophy and not part of science.

Ian Hutchinson, MIT professor of nuclear engineering, is one believing scientist responding to atheist arguments (video and blog)

Similarly, we should reject claims that evolution has effectively disproved the existence of God, debunked Christianity, and shown that faith is based on nothing more than superstition, clearly and forcefully refuting such claims in public. But to be effective in that task, our response should not be to attack what science shows so compellingly about the created order, but again, to expose these atheist arguments as philosophy, rather than science. Scientific explanations of natural process do not eliminate God or deny his sovereignty over creation, and science cannot prove or disprove the existence of God. But exploring creation with the tools of science can profoundly enhance and support belief in and worship of God, a case that Christian philosophers have been convincingly making in the public square.⁷

Considering evolution helps Christian students to remain strong in their faith

How should Christians respond to atheist philosophy in the guise of science? Just as Lois and Eunice raised Timothy in the faith (2 Tim 1:5, 3:14-15), so do all Christian parents, pastors, and teachers want to prepare young people to keep their faith strong as they enter university and adult careers. But while it’s wise to arm young believers against atheistic worldviews, teaching them to ignore the science can unwittingly set young people up for a crisis of faith.⁸ When Christian students encounter the powerful scientific evidence for evolution, many realize their parents and pastors may have been wrong about science and begin to question other beliefs they were taught. One recent survey shows that a key factor in the evangelical Church losing its credibility among young people is its hostility towards mainstream science and its assertion of young-earth and anti-evolutionary creation models that contradict virtually all of the evidence God is revealing through science.⁹

On the other hand, another recent study has shown that biology professors who follow Jesus and accept evolution offer a powerful counter-narrative to those who equate evolution with atheism and can help students find their way forward in faith and prepare them to carry their witness into the wider scientific culture. If parents and church leaders also emphasized the centrality of Jesus and the gospel and taught that Bible-believing Christians hold an array of views with respect to how God created life, young people would be better equipped to reject atheistic worldviews and inspired to explore God’s creation more deeply.

Considering evolution aids evangelism among scientists

Understanding evolution can aid evangelism to those who work in science and technology fields, whereas anti-evolution and anti-science attitudes in the church can hinder evangelism to scientists. While atheism among scientists is actually less common than the popular stereotype,¹⁰ a recent study indicated that over 80% of top scientists do not attend worship services regularly and likely do not know Jesus as their Savior, while another found that many top research scientists who had left the faith did so because the church wasn’t welcoming to them or their questions.¹¹ Because some Christians claim that evolution must be rejected in order to convert to Christianity or remain a faithful follower of Christ, the Church may become a stumbling block to faith rather that a place to nurture those who are seeking God. Indeed, this argument adds an unbiblical requirement for joining the Body of Christ, much as some in the early church wanted to add the requirement of circumcision for gentiles coming to Christ (Acts 15).

Meet some top scientists who are Christians, from the past and the present (blog)

On the contrary, the Church’s support of scientists both inside and outside the church advances the Kingdom. One of the most powerful responses to academic atheism occurs when believing scientists pray for and care for their non-Christian colleagues¹² (Matthew 5:43-48), and atheistic or agnostic scientists are more likely to listen to the good news from a fellow scientist they know and respect. The small percentage of scientists who are evangelical believers need the prayers and support of their brothers and sister in Christ to effectively share their faith with their co-workers. Furthermore, Churches—especially those near universities and high-tech industries—can strengthen their missions outreach and edify their congregations by actively inviting scientists, technicians, and engineers from their communities to church. Learning about the daily lives of scientists¹³ in this way not only shows hospitality and the love of Christ to an “unreached people,” it helps congregations cultivate their own sense of wonder and curiosity about the God’s creation.¹⁴

Considering evolution helps the church engage culture

Os Guinness explains why the church has nothing to fear when considering science. (blog)

Because today’s culture is saturated with science and technology—from the latest communication gadgets to new medical imaging methods to discoveries of fundamental particles and biotechnology—engaging culture means engaging science. Christians should be a compelling and relevant voice on science issues in the public square—especially in discerning appropriate use of new technologies. Many such innovations touch on our understanding of the processes and interrelation of life on earth described by evolutionary science. Especially in the field of bioethics, Christian voices are critical to rightly discerning questions about the development of stem cells, the use of DNA information, and care for the aged and disabled.

But to be compelling and relevant, Christians need to be well-informed. When Christians speak from ignorance about scientific research, we harm the reputation of the whole church and invite mockery. This was an issue even in the days of Saint Augustine (354-386 A.D.), who wrote, “It is a disgraceful and dangerous thing for an unbeliever to hear a Christian, presumably giving the meaning of Holy Scripture, talking nonsense . . . in a field [the unbeliever] himself knows well.” Today, evangelical Christians can show that we love God’s work in the created order, take up full participation in cutting-edge research, and advocate science as a tool to protect rather than prey upon the helpless (Proverbs 6:16-17).

Why should Christians consider evolutionary creation? Because we recognize that nature is God’s creation, declaring the glory, extravagance, and loving care of the Creator; because rightly understanding evolution helps us to refute atheist worldviews and support the faith of those called to explore creation through the sciences; and because it strengthens the voice of Church in the public square.

The BioLogos view holds that both Scripture and modern science reveal God’s truth, and that these truths are not in competition with one another. While there are varying views within the BioLogos community of how to reconcile the truths of science and Scripture on particular issues (for example with regards to a historical Adam¹), we believe that the Bible is the divinely inspired and authoritative Word of God. BioLogos accepts the modern scientific consensus on the age of the earth and common ancestry, including the common ancestry of humans.

See more on Scientific Evidence

Evolutionism

While BioLogos accepts evolution, it emphatically rejects evolutionism, the atheistic worldview that so often accompanies the acceptance of biological evolution in public discourse. Proponents of evolutionism believe every aspect of life will one day be explained with evolutionary theory. In this way it is a subset of scientism, the broader view that the only real truth is that which can be discovered by science. These positions are commonly held by materialists (also called philosophical naturalists) who deny the existence of the supernatural.

The BioLogos view celebrates God as creator. It is sometimes called Theistic Evolution or Evolutionary Creation. Theism is the belief in a God who cares for and interacts with creation. Theism is different than deism, which is the belief in a distant, uninvolved creator who is often little more than the sum total of the laws of physics. Theistic Evolution, therefore, is the belief that evolution is how God created life.

Because the term evolution is sometimes associated with atheism, a better term for the belief in a God who chose to create the world by way of evolution is BioLogos. BioLogos comes from the Greek words bios (life) and logos (word), referring to John 1:1: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.”

See "What role could God have in evolution?"

Intelligent Design

Contrary to some interpretations, Intelligent Design, or ID, makes no specific theological claims. Instead, proponents of ID argue that “certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection,"² and that the existence of this intelligent cause is a testable scientific hypothesis. Furthermore, ID theorists attempt to show that intelligent causation is the best explanation for certain phenomena such as irreducibly complex systems (e.g. bacterial flagella) and the complex specified information in DNA.

Those who hold the BioLogos view also believe in intelligent causation. The universe and all that is in it has been created and is being sustained by God:

…in [Christ] all things in heaven and earth were created, things visible and invisible…all things were created through him and by him. He himself is before all things, and in him all things hold together. (Col 1:16,17 NRSV).

BioLogos differs from the ID movement in that we have no discomfort with mainstream science. Natural selection as described by Charles Darwin is not contrary to theism. Similarly, we are content to let modern evolutionary biology inform us about the mechanisms of creation with the full realization that all that has happened occurs through God’s activity. We celebrate creation as fully God’s. We marvel at its beauty and are in awe that we have the privilege of experiencing it.

BioLogos celebrates the reality of miracles, including the miracles of Scripture, but also those we experience in today’s world through answered prayer and the work of the Holy Spirit in our own lives. However, the demonstration of such supernatural activity in the history of the natural world is, we think, unlikely to be scientifically testable.

See "Is there room in BioLogos to believe in miracles?"

To summarize, BioLogos differs from the ID movement in three respects:

1. We are skeptical about the ability of biological science to prove the existence of an Intelligent Designer (whom we take to be the God of the Bible), while ID advocates are confident.
2. We find unconvincing those attempts by ID theorists to scientifically confirm God’s activity in natural history, while ID theorists believe they have sufficiently demonstrated it.
3. We see no biblical reason to view natural processes (including natural selection) as having removed God from the process of creation. It is all God’s and it is all intelligently designed. Those in the ID movement for the most part reject some or all of the major conclusions of evolutionary theory.

Creationism

BioLogos affirms that the earth and the universe were created. Creationism, however, generally refers to the belief that life on earth is a result of a direct flurry of supernatural intervention in a manner that is concordant with a highly literal view of Genesis 1-3. There are two main varieties of Creationists, those who believe the earth is young and those who believe it is old.

Young Earth Creationists (YECs) hold that the earth is between 6,000 and 10,000 years old, a figure derived from the genealogies presented in the Bible. YECs believe the most faithful way to read Scripture is through the lens of a literal six-day creation as presented in the first chapter of Genesis, and they further believe that a literal worldwide flood as depicted in Genesis 6-9 is responsible for geological features of the earth and the fossil record. YECs also reject the common ancestry of all species, believing that life was created as it presently appears by supernatural action. They view “macro-evolution” (as distinct from within-kind or within-species “micro-evolution”) as incompatible with Scripture and some even argue that it is a direct threat to Christianity.

BioLogos disagrees with the YEC viewpoint. This view rejects the discoveries of almost every modern scientific discipline to arrive at its conclusions and overlooks the revelation of God’s work in creation as uncovered by science. We also maintain that the YEC viewpoint stems from a particular interpretation of Genesis that ignores the rich cultural and theological context in which it was written.

See more on Scripture Interpretation

Old Earth Creationists (OECs) accept that the earth and universe are billions of years old, but maintain that these findings are in concordance with a literal reading of the first chapters of Genesis (often by interpreting the days of creation as long periods of time, or by understanding large gaps between the days of creation). OECs hold that modern science tightly corresponds with biblical accounts and assume that God included modern scientific ideas in the Bible, sometimes through secret language that would have been lost on the original audiences. OECs do not accept macro-evolution and the common ancestry of all life forms.

BioLogos disagrees with the OEC viewpoint. While accepting the scientific consensus for an old earth, this view rejects the findings of modern genetics, paleontology, developmental biology, evolutionary biology and many other biological sub-disciplines that make little sense apart from macro-evolution and common ancestry. Furthermore, we believe that God chose to reveal himself within the worldview, culture, and language of the biblical authors.

Where Christians Agree

Despite these differences, all Christians agree that the God of the Bible is the creator of the heavens and the earth. We agree on the authority of the Bible, even though we disagree on the best interpretation of particular passages. We agree that God is continually active in his sovereign governance of the universe, even though we disagree on how much God acts through natural law versus miracles. We are unified in our rejection of evolutionism, even though we use different strategies to counteract it (some reject the science of evolution, while BioLogos rejects the atheistic spin put on the science). We agree on the fundamentals of our faith: that all people have sinned and that salvation comes only through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. We agree that the God of our salvation is the same God we see in the wonders of his creation. Whether we ponder the intricacy of DNA, the beauty of a dolphin, or the vastness of the Milky Way, we can lift our hearts together in praise to the divine Artist who made it all.