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The BioLogos Forum is designed to foster a serious and comprehensive discussion of Christian faith and the sciences. We believe that charitable engagement of different perspectives within the Church helps sharpen our thinking and deepen our commitment to the truth that is hidden in Christ. So while many of the articles and videos under the distinctive Forum banner come from BioLogos staff and Senior Fellows, we feature a range of voices, including those that disagree with us and with each other. Unless otherwise noted, views expressed are those of the authors, not necessarily of The BioLogos Foundation. You can read more about what we believe here, and join the conversation in the comments section at the end of each post.
The Human Fossil Record
In this series, James Kidder provides an intriguing study on transitional fossils and the evolutionary history of modern humans. He begins by discussing the fossil record, explaining how new forms are classified. He then explains the physically distinguishing trait of humankind—bipedalism. From the discovery of Ardipithecus, the earliest known hominin, to the australopithecines, the most prolific hominin, Kidder focuses on the discovery, the anatomy, and the interpretation of these ancestral remains.
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The Human Fossil Record, Part 1. The Nature of Transitional Fossils
It has become an article of faith for those espousing both the young earth creation model and many who hold to the intelligent design model that transitional fossils do not exist and therefore evolution has not taken place.
The Human Fossil Record, Part 2: Bipedality
One of the most fruitful and exciting areas of research in palaeoanthropology is the search for the last common ancestor to the higher apes and humans.
The Human Fossil Record, Part 3: The Discovery of Australopithecus
Raymond Dart could only conclude that, whatever this creature was, it walked upright and he took the unusual step of calling this new find Australopithecus africanus or “Southern Ape Man from Africa.”
The Human Fossil Record, Part 4: Australopithecus Conquers the Landscape
This individual was nicknamed “Lucy” after the Beatles' song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" which played in the camp during the analysis of the remains.
The Human Fossil Record, Part 5: The Dispersal of the Australopithecines
The Piltdown forgery ranks as one of the best scientific hoaxes of all time. To this day, the identity of the forger remains unknown.
The Human Fossil Record, Part 6: The Dispersal of the Australopithecines, Cont’d
It is tempting to look at these remains and think privately, “These are nothing but apes. What is the fuss?”
The Human Fossil Record: The Rise of Early Homo
In early Homo came a hominin with a larger, rounder cranium and evidence of clear stone tool production.
The Human Fossil Record: Evolution in Early Homo
So far, we have focused on early Homo remains in eastern Africa. Now we can turn our attention to the rest of the continent.
The Human Fossil Record: Out of Africa (The First Time)
The appearance of this hominin this far north and at such an early date is striking because it suggests that an early form of Homo had learned to migrate long distances.
The Human Fossil Record: Homo erectus in Asia
Up to this point, all human fossils had been found on the surface, eroding out of the side of a bank, or as a result of farming. It had not occurred to anyone to go looking for human ancestors.
The Human Fossil Record: Homo erectus in Asia, Cont’d
The Zhoukoudian site in China boasted the single largest collection of Homo erectus fossils ever found at one site, as well as presenting one of the greatest mysteries in paleoanthropology.
The Rise of Archaic Homo sapiens
Beginning around 600 to 700 thousand years ago, new hominin forms appear in the archaeological record, all having certain common characteristics distinct from Homo erectus. These were the first, still-archaic Homo sapiens.